Resident Education Curriculum in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: The Short Curriculum 4.0.

Exposure to pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) varies across residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology, family medicine, and pediatrics, as well as both adolescent medicine and PAG fellowship programs. Nevertheless, these programs are responsible for training residents and fellows and providing opportunities to fulfill PAG learning objectives. To that end, the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology has taken a leadership role in PAG trainee education by creating and maintaining this Short Curriculum. The curriculum outlines specific learning objectives central to PAG education and lists high-yield, concise resources for learners. This updated curriculum replaces the previous 2021 publication with a new focus toward accessible online content and updated resources.

Nicotine Exposure Via Electronic Cigarettes Significantly Impedes Biomechanical Healing Properties of Tendon Healing in a Rat Model.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the biomechanical and histologic effects on Achilles tendon repair of inhaled combusted tobacco versus nicotine exposure via electronic cigarette versus a control group in a small-animal model (Sprague-Dawley rat). METHODS: Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 3 groups: combusted tobacco, e-cigarettes, or control. Experimental rats were exposed to research cigarettes or e-cigarette vapor in a smoking chamber for 4 weeks. Surgical transection and repair of the Achilles tendon were then completed, followed by 2 additional weeks of exposure. Achilles tendons were harvested, and biomechanical tensile testing was performed. Histologic evaluation was completed, including hematoxylin-eosin staining, trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry analysis for type I and type III collagen. RESULTS: The control group showed the highest mean tensile load to failure, at 41.0 ± 10.4 N (range, 18.3-55.1 N); the cigarette cohort had the second highest mean, at 37.3 ± 11.1 N (range, 14.0-54.7 N); and finally, the vaping group had the lowest mean, at 32.3 ± 8.4 N (range, 17.8-45.1 N). One-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference in load to failure when comparing the control group with the e-cigarette group (P = .026). No statistical difference was detected between the control group and cigarette group (P = .35) or between the e-cigarette group and cigarette group (P = .23). Stiffness and qualitative histologic analysis showed no difference among groups. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation shows that in a rat model, nicotine exposure via e-cigarette significantly impedes the biomechanical healing properties of Achilles tendon surgical repair. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results indicate that although e-cigarettes are often used as a perceived "safer" alternative to smoking, their use may have a detrimental effect on tendon load to failure.

What can COVID-19 teach us about patient satisfaction in the emergency department? A mixed-methods approach.

OBJECTIVE: The current study explored improved patient satisfaction scores at a single emergency department (ED) during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (March to May 2020). METHODS: A mixed-methods design, integrating qualitative and quantitative data analyses, was employed to explore a total of 289 patient satisfaction survey ratings and 421 comments based on care that took place in the ED during the initial phase of the COVID-19 epidemic. This allowed for comparisons to a more typical time period in the ED along with the emergence of novel categories of influence. RESULTS: The ED census was 31% lower during 2020 (COVID-19) than the previous year, and a significantly greater percentage of patients in 2020 indicated that they would "definitely recommend" the ED compared with 2019. Wait time was mentioned in >40% of dissatisfied patient comments in 2019 but <20% of dissatisfied patient comments in 2020. General negative comments were proportionately greater than general positive comments in 2019, whereas in 2020 the reverse pattern held. Other categories did not differ significantly across 2019 and 2020. CONCLUSIONS: The general circumstances surrounding the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic included a lower census in the ED and higher reported satisfaction among patients. A comparison of the content of patient comments revealed less concern about wait times and a more positive overall view toward receiving care during the first 3 months of the pandemic.

Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: An Essential Guide for Pediatric Primary Care Providers.

Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods are 20% more effective than traditional contraceptives and are recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology as first-line contraception for adolescent girls. Large studies show that LARC use reduces unintended pregnancies, increases user satisfaction, and prolongs duration of use. This article prepares the primary care provider (PCP) with knowledge on safety, efficacy, eligibility, confidentiality, anticipatory guidance, how to find a LARC provider, and guidance on common side effects so the PCP can confidently counsel adolescent patients on LARC methods.

Effects of Obstetric Complications on Adolescent Postpartum Contraception and Rapid Repeat Pregnancy.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether complications during pregnancy or at delivery influence postpartum contraception choices and rapid repeat pregnancy rates in adolescent women. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: This retrospective cohort study included 321 adolescents delivering at UMASS Memorial Healthcare. Complications during pregnancy and delivery along with subsequent contraception use were investigated. Postpartum contraception choice (long-acting reversible contraception [LARC] vs non-LARC) at either delivery, hospitalization discharge, or at postpartum outpatient appointment, and rapid repeat pregnancy rate (pregnancy confirmed within 12 months of index delivery), were analyzed according to pregnancy complications. Comparisons were made with χ2 and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables, and with Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. RESULTS: Of the study population, 27.7% (n = 89/321) used LARC in the postpartum period. The LARC and non-LARC patient populations differed significantly regarding history of abortion (P = .029), with no differences in obstetric complications between the groups. Of the population, 16.6% (n = 53/320) became pregnant again within 1 year of their index delivery. Those with a rapid repeat pregnancy had significantly increased gravidity (P = .002), parity (P = .003), number of previous spontaneous or therapeutic abortions (P = .026); they were also more like to have nonlive birth as a complication (P = .028), compared with those without repeat pregnancy. No other obstetrical complications were statistically significantly different between the compared groups. CONCLUSION: Obstetrical complications seem to have little effect on postpartum contraception choice or repeat pregnancy rate with the notable exception of nonlive birth being associated with rapid repeat pregnancy.

Can paediatric and adolescent gynecological care be delivered via Telehealth?

OBJECTIVE: Paediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) is an evolving subspecialty, with patients often having to travel large distances to access care. The goal of the present study was to assess whether Telehealth (TH) would be appropriate for PAG services in a tertiary care centre and to determine patient/family interest. METHODS: The present study was a prospective observational study of patients who attended PAG clinics over the course of one year. Patient data collected on each visit included postal code, diagnosis, availability of a local hospital with TH, patient appropriateness for TH and patient/family reasons for accepting TH. Visits were stratified by diagnosis to determine if certain conditions were more amenable to TH. RESULTS: From the total visits through the year (July 15, 2008 to July 15, 2009), 1541 (79.6%) patients were approached for participation; 8 (0.5%) declined. The final sample size was 1533 patient visits. Four hundred sixty-nine visits (30.6%) were potentially appropriate for TH based on geography. According to clinic physicians, only 51 of these 469 visits (10.9%) were appropriate for TH. The main reasons for being inappropriate were the need for physical examination (n=238, 57.0%), imaging (n=57, 13.6%), or issues regarding sexuality/privacy (n=45, 10.8%). Of the 51 appropriate visits, 28 patients/families (55.0%) expressed interest in TH. Of those not interested in TH, the main reasons included the desire for a face-to-face encounter and the need to coordinate with other health care appointments. CONCLUSION: Of the patient visits considered for TH (based on the fact that patients lived a considerable distance from the hospital), 10.9% were deemed appropriate for TH by the PAG team, but 45.0% of families/patients in this group said they would prefer a traditional clinic visit. Currently, TH appears to be appropriate for only a small subset of patients/families.

OBJECTIF : La gynécologie pour les enfants et les adolescentes (GEA) est une surspécialité en évolution, et les patientes doivent souvent parcourir de longues distances pour accéder aux soins. La présente étude visait à évaluer si la télésanté (TS) peut convenir pour prodiguer des services de GEA dans un centre de soins tertiaires et pour déterminer l'intérêt des patientes et de la famille. MÉTHODOLOGIE : La présente étude d'observation prospective portait sur des patientes qui avaient fréquenté des cliniques de GEA pendant un an. Les données sur les patientes colligées à chaque visite incluaient le code postal, le diagnostic, l'accès à un hôpital local doté de la TS, l'applicabilité des patientes à la TS et les raisons pour que la patiente et sa famille acceptent la TS. Les visites étaient stratifiées selon le diagnostic afin de déterminer si certaines maladies étaient plus acceptables pour la télésanté. RÉSULTATS : D'après le nombre total de visites tout au long de l'année (du 15 juillet 2008 au 15 juillet 2009), les chercheurs ont demandé à 1 541 patientes (79,6 %) de participer, mais huit (0,5 %) ont refusé. La dimension définitive de l'échantillon était de 1 533 visites-patients. Quatre cent soixante-neuf visites (30,6 %) avaient le potentiel de convenir à la TS d'après le facteur géographique. Selon les médecins de la clinique, seulement 51 de ces 469 visites (10,9 %) convenaient à la TS. Les principales raisons des rejets étaient la nécessité de procéder à un examen physique (n=238, 57,0 %) ou à une imagerie (n=57, 13,6 %) ou les questions relatives à la sexualité ou au respect de la vie privée (n=45, 10,8 %). Des 51 visites pertinentes, 28 patientes ou familles (55,0 %) ont exprimé leur intérêt envers la TS. Parmi les personnes qui n'y étaient pas intéressées, les principales raisons invoquées étaient le souhait d'une rencontre en personne et la nécessité de coordonner avec d'autres rendez-vous de santé. CONCLUSION : Parmi les visites de patientes envisagées pour la TS (parce que les patientes vivaient très loin de l'hôpital), 11 % étaient réputées convenir selon l'équipe de GEA, mais 45,0 % des familles et des patientes de ce groupe affirmaient préférer une visite classique en clinique. Pour l'instant, la TS semble convenir seulement à un petit sous-groupe de patientes et de familles.